Heart Health: Modern Approaches to Diagnosing and Treating Cardiovascular Disorders and Innovations in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies

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DEFINITION

    Cardiology is a medical specialty focused on diagnosing, treating, and managing disorders of the heart and blood vessels. It deals with a wide range of cardiovascular conditions and involves both non-invasive and invasive procedures. Cardiologists work to prevent, manage, and treat conditions that affect the cardiovascular system to improve overall health and quality of life.

Common Conditions in Cardiology:

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): 

Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, often due to atherosclerosis, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart.

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): 

Occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing tissue damage.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): 

Chronic condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Arrhythmias:
 
Abnormal heart rhythms that can be too fast, too slow, or irregular (e.g., atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia).

Heart Failure: 

A condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention.

Congenital Heart Disease: 

Structural defects of the heart present from birth that may require surgery or lifelong monitoring.

Cardiomyopathy: 

A disease of the heart muscle that affects its ability to pump blood, leading to heart failure.

Valvular Heart Disease: 

Involves malfunctioning heart valves that affect blood flow, such as aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation.

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures:


Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): 

Records the electrical activity of the heart to detect abnormalities.

Echocardiogram: 

An ultrasound of the heart that provides images of its structure and function.

Stress Test: 

Assesses how the heart works under physical stress, often using exercise or medication.

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