Understanding Glomerulonephritis: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments for Acute and Chronic Kidney Inflammation Disorders

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 Glomerular nephritis, also known as glomerulonephritis, is a group of kidney diseases that involve inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluids from the blood. When the glomeruli become inflamed, they can become damaged and less effective at filtering blood, leading to a range of symptoms and potential complications.


Types of Glomerulonephritis


1. Acute Glomerulonephritis: This form often occurs suddenly and may be triggered by infections like streptococcal throat infections. Symptoms include swelling (edema), blood in the urine, high blood pressure, and protein in the urine.


2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis: This is a slower-progressing form of the disease that may not cause symptoms initially but can lead to kidney damage over time. It can be caused by autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, or long-term infections.


Causes


Glomerulonephritis can be caused by:


• Infections: Certain bacterial (e.g., strep) and viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B and C) can trigger inflammation.


• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus and IgA nephropathy can cause glomerular inflammation.


• Vascular Diseases: High blood pressure and other blood vessel diseases can also affect kidney function.


Symptoms


• Blood in the urine (hematuria), often causing it to look pink or brown


• Foamy urine, a sign of proteinuria (excess protein in the urine)


• Swelling (edema) in areas like the face, hands, feet, and abdomen


• High blood pressure


Treatment 


• Medications: Immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and medications to control blood pressure

• Lifestyle Adjustments: Diet changes, reduced salt intake, and monitoring fluid intake

• Dialysis or Kidney Transplant: In severe cases where kidney function is significantly impaired


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